Nausea and vomiting are very common symptoms during the headache phase of a migraine attack. In many instances, nausea and vomiting can be as disabling as the headache and in some occasions, it can make it difficult for one to keep medication down. But why does migraine cause nausea and vomiting?
The Gut-Brain Axis
The brain and the gastrointestinal system are deeply connected by the “gut-brain” axis. The brain and the gut are constantly exchanging signals through nerves, hormones and the body’s stress-response pathways. This intricate communication network helps to explain the relationship between migraines and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
During a migraine attack, the brain’s pain pathways are activated. This can lead to the release of certain hormones and neurotransmitters that affect gut motility and sensitivity, causing nausea and vomiting. Additionally, stress and anxiety (which are common triggers for migraines) and further slow down the gastrointestinal tract, exacerbating these symptoms.
Shared Symptoms and Overlapping Disorders
Apart from nausea and vomiting, patients with migraines may have a higher risk for developing several other functional disorders such as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome or cyclic vomiting syndrome. These conditions fall under a group of disorders called Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) and present with many symptoms with migraine such as nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and slowed digestion.
Implications of Nausea & Vomiting
For many migraine sufferers, the presence of nausea and vomiting can affect one’s daily activities, work and quality of life. It can also make oral medications difficult to tolerate. Recognizing and addressing these symptoms is essential when treating migraines.as targeting both headache and gut-related issues can improve the overall outcomes of patients.
Dr Christopher Liu is a Pain Specialist who sees patients with Headaches and Facial Pain. Make an appointment with Alleviate Pain Clinic if you have been suffering from migraines.
